How is 'in-group' typically defined in social psychology?

In social psychology, 'in-group' is defined as a group to which an individual feels they belong. This concept highlights the strong emotional connection and sense of identity one may experience towards their in-group, which can influence behavior, attitudes, and perceptions. Individuals often identify with their in-group based on shared characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, religion, or interests, fostering a sense of camaraderie and support. This identification can also lead to preferences for in-group members over those in out-groups, potentially affecting social dynamics.

The other options focus on different aspects of group dynamics but do not accurately capture the essence of what constitutes an in-group. For instance, while external conflicts might involve in-group versus out-group dynamics, they do not define what an in-group is. Similarly, having distinct social norms can be a characteristic of any group but does not specifically address the belonging aspect. Lastly, the presence of opposing groups does not define in-groups, but rather outlines a relational aspect that may arise in competition between groups. Thus, the correct definition centers on the individual's sense of belonging to the group.