In Gestalt theory, what is 'closure' primarily related to?

Closure, in the context of Gestalt theory, refers to the cognitive tendency to perceive a complete image or figure even when some parts are missing. This principle embodies our brain's ability to fill in gaps in visual information, facilitating the recognition of familiar shapes and objects despite ambiguities or absences. For instance, if a circle is partially obscured or constructed from disconnected lines, our perception allows us to see it as a whole circle instead of an incomplete shape.

This understanding is foundational to many aspects of visual perception and is one of the key principles of Gestalt psychology, which emphasizes the holistic nature of perception. It highlights how our perceptual processes are influenced by our innate desire to form complete and orderly representations from fragmented stimuli.

The other options, while related to aspects of perception, do not specifically align with the concept of closure. For instance, the organization of visual elements based on their proximity relates more to how we group items visually, while depth perception concerns our ability to interpret distance and three-dimensional structure. Similarly, the tendency to perceive objects as wholes speaks more broadly to Gestalt principles but does not specifically illustrate the phenomenon of closure.