In research terminology, what does the term 'population' refer to?

The term 'population' in research terminology refers to the entire group being studied. It encompasses all individuals or items that meet a specific set of criteria related to the research question. This could include people, animals, objects, or events depending on the context of the study. Understanding the population is crucial for researchers, as it defines the scope of their study and the generalizability of their findings.

In contrast, a subset of participants represents only a portion of the population, often referred to as a sample, which researchers use to draw conclusions about the larger group. The control group, on the other hand, is specifically selected as a way to compare outcomes against the experimental group, rather than representing the entire population. The larger community outside the study may have some relevance, particularly in discussions of external validity, but it does not constitute the research population itself. This clear distinction is essential for ensuring accurate interpretations of research results and conclusions.