What aspect of identity is primarily constructed through both biological and social factors?

The correct answer centers on gender identity, which is indeed constructed through a combination of biological influences, such as genetics and hormonal factors, as well as social determinants like cultural norms, expectations, and personal experiences. Gender identity reflects an individual's personal sense of their gender, which may correspond to or differ from the sex assigned at birth. This multifaceted construction highlights how both nature and nurture contribute to a person's understanding and expression of their gender.

In contrast, the other terms refer to different but related concepts. Gender schema refers to cognitive frameworks that help individuals organize ideas about gender roles and expectations, rather than the individual's personal experience of gender. Sex specifically pertains to the biological differences between male and female, primarily related to physical and reproductive characteristics, without considering the social dimensions. Gender role refers to the societal expectations of behaviors and attitudes based on one's gender, which is shaped socially but does not encompass the internal sense of identity. Thus, the scope of gender identity is broader as it integrates both the inherent biological factors and the significant role of socialization.