What is defined as a cognitive process where information is retained in memory for future retrieval?

The correct answer is encoding. Encoding is the cognitive process through which information is transformed into a format that can be stored in memory. This process is essential because it allows for the information to be retained and made accessible for future retrieval. During encoding, sensory input is processed and organized, which aids in forming memories. Different techniques, such as rehearsal or mnemonic devices, can enhance this process, making it easier to remember the information later.

Recall refers to the act of retrieving information from memory once it has been encoded, rather than the initial process of remembering it. Social representation relates to the shared beliefs and knowledge within a community and does not pertain specifically to memory processes. Imprinting is a specific type of learning that occurs at a certain life stage and is often associated with attachment in animals, particularly in regard to the bond between offspring and their caregivers.