What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

The primary function of the hippocampus is memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring and stabilizing new memories for long-term storage. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in forming new memories about experiences and information. It is particularly involved in declarative memory, which includes facts and events, allowing individuals to recall past experiences and learn new information.

Damage to the hippocampus can lead to significant memory impairments, such as difficulty forming new memories or recalling past memories, which emphasizes its critical role in learning and memory. The hippocampus does not directly engage in emotion regulation, motor coordination, or sensory perception, although it can interact with other brain regions involved in these processes.