What is the primary process of learning the beliefs and customs from family during childhood?

The correct answer identifies primary socialisation as the primary process through which children learn the beliefs, values, customs, and norms from their families during early childhood. This stage is crucial because it forms the foundation of an individual's social identity and shapes their worldview.

During primary socialisation, parents and family members serve as the first teachers, guiding children through everyday interactions, language acquisition, and emotional development. The family unit provides the initial environment for learning appropriate behavior, cultural practices, and social roles that influence a child's future interactions outside of the home.

In contrast, secondary socialisation occurs later in life and involves a broader range of influences outside the home, such as schools, peer groups, and media. Cultural transmission refers more broadly to the transfer of cultural beliefs and practices across generations, not exclusively through family. Peer influence typically comes into play during adolescence when friends and community members begin to significantly shape behavior and attitudes. Therefore, primary socialisation is specifically tied to the early familial context, making it the most appropriate choice for the question asked.