What is the process called when neurons send information to each other through neurotransmitters?

The correct answer is synaptic transmission, which refers to the process by which neurons communicate with one another through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron (the presynaptic terminal), it triggers the release of neurotransmitters stored in vesicles. These chemicals cross the synaptic gap and bind to specific receptors on the surface of the adjacent neuron (the postsynaptic neuron), leading to various physiological responses, including the propagation of the signal if the message is excitatory.

This process is fundamental to neural communication and underpins most of the functioning of the nervous system, influencing everything from reflexes to mood regulation. Understanding synaptic transmission is essential for grasping how information is processed and transmitted throughout the brain and body.

In contrast, neural conduction refers to the process of an electrical impulse traveling down the axon of a neuron, neuroplasticity describes the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, and signal transduction involves the conversion of a chemical signal into a biological response within a cell, which is broader and doesn't specifically focus on inter-neural communication.