What structure in the brain connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

The structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the corpus callosum. This thick band of neural fibers serves as a communication bridge, allowing information to be transferred between the two hemispheres efficiently. It is essential for enabling both sides of the brain to work together smoothly when processing complex tasks that involve both hemispheres, such as language, motor control, and sensory perception.

The thalamus, while crucial for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex, does not physically connect the two hemispheres. Similarly, the cerebellum, which is involved in coordination and balance, is located at the back of the brain and does not serve the purpose of connecting hemispheres. The pituitary gland is an endocrine structure that regulates various hormonal functions but is not involved in interhemispheric communication. Thus, the corpus callosum is the key structure that fulfills this important role in brain connectivity.