What term describes a lack of cone vision leading to seeing only black, white, and grey?

The term that describes a lack of cone vision leading to seeing only black, white, and grey is "achromatopsia." This condition is characterized by a complete absence of color vision, resulting from a deficiency or non-functionality of the cone photoreceptors in the retina, which are responsible for color perception. Individuals with achromatopsia see the world in shades of grey and have difficulties with visual acuity, as well as problems with light sensitivity and glare.

The other options refer to different concepts that do not specifically align with the complete absence of color perception. Monochromacy, while closely related, typically refers to a type of color blindness where only one type of cone is functional, allowing for limited color perception but not necessarily a complete absence. Cataracts are opacities that form in the lens of the eye, leading to blurred vision but not specifically affecting color perception in the way achromatopsia does. Color vision deficiency encompasses a range of conditions, including various types of color blindness, but it does not define the total lack of color perception that achromatopsia does.