What term describes the concept that specific parts of the brain are responsible for different functions?

The concept that specific parts of the brain are responsible for different functions is referred to as localization of function. This principle suggests that certain areas of the brain are specialized for particular tasks, such as language processing, visual perception, or motor control. For instance, damage to Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, can lead to difficulties in speech production, highlighting how certain cognitive and physical activities are tied to specific brain regions.

Neuroplasticity, while related to brain function, refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself in response to learning, experience, or injury. Brain mapping is a process used to identify the locations of various functions within the brain but does not inherently describe the concept of function localization. Cerebral lateralization refers specifically to how certain functions are more dominant in one hemisphere of the brain than the other, focusing on the differences between the left and right hemispheres rather than the broader concept of localization across the entire brain.