What term describes visual disorders that are present at birth?

The term that accurately describes visual disorders that are present at birth is "congenital visual disorders." These disorders are typically the result of genetic factors or abnormalities during prenatal development, leading to visual impairments that individuals have from the time they are born. Examples include cataracts, retinopathy of prematurity, or conditions like strabismus, which are established before or shortly after birth.

In contrast, acquired visual disorders arise after birth due to factors such as injury, disease, or age-related changes, thus not being present at birth. Degenerative disorders imply a progressive deterioration in function over time, which does not align with the notion of something that exists from birth. Neurological disorders affect the nervous system and can impact vision, but they are not exclusively visual in nature and may not be present at birth; they could develop later in life due to various reasons. Hence, the specificity of congenital visual disorders clearly makes it the correct choice for describing conditions that are evident from birth.