What term is used to describe a chemical substance released by the body that can affect others?

The correct term for a chemical substance released by the body that can affect others is "pheromones." Pheromones are chemicals that are produced and released into the environment by an individual, often to communicate with members of the same species. They can influence various behaviors, such as mating, territory marking, and social interaction.

In understanding the context of the other choices: hormones are chemical messengers in the bloodstream that impact the functioning of organs and tissues within the same individual rather than affecting others; neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals in the nervous system, primarily affecting adjacent neurons; and enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but do not have a role in communication between individuals. Therefore, only pheromones fit the definition of a substance that can have effects on others outside the individual who produces them.