Which condition is characterized by the progressive destruction of neurons in the brain, leading to memory loss?

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the progressive destruction of neurons in the brain, particularly impacting areas responsible for memory and cognition. This neurodegenerative condition leads to a gradual decline in memory function, impairing a person's ability to recall recent events and perform everyday tasks. The process involves the buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which disrupt neural communication and eventually result in cell death. As the disease advances, individuals may experience significant changes in personality and behavior, alongside severe memory loss.

The other options do not primarily feature memory loss due to neuron destruction in the same way. Parkinson's disease, for example, primarily affects motor control due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons but can have cognitive effects later in the disease. Migraines are a type of headache disorder and do not lead to neuron destruction associated with memory loss. Sclerosis, particularly multiple sclerosis, involves the immune system damaging the protective sheath of nerves, potentially affecting various cognitive functions but not specifically memory loss as the primary feature.