Which of the following is considered a genetically inherited disorder that affects color perception?

Color vision deficiency is recognized as a genetically inherited disorder that impacts the ability to perceive colors accurately. This condition, often referred to as color blindness, typically occurs due to anomalies in the cone cells of the retina responsible for detecting specific wavelengths of light corresponding to different colors. The most common type, red-green color deficiency, is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, predominantly affecting males.

In contrast, achromatopsia is a more severe condition characterized by a complete inability to perceive color, often accompanied by other visual impairments like reduced visual acuity and light sensitivity, and it has a different genetic basis. Macular degeneration is a progressive eye disease that affects the central portion of the retina and is primarily related to aging rather than hereditary color perception. Retinitis pigmentosa involves a group of inherited disorders leading to retinal degeneration, affecting night vision and peripheral vision rather than color discrimination. Therefore, color vision deficiency distinctly aligns with the characteristics of being a genetically inherited disorder affecting color perception.