Which part of the brain is mainly involved in processing sensory information?

The cerebral cortex is the correct choice because it is primarily responsible for processing sensory information. This outer layer of the brain is divided into different regions, each associated with specific sensory modalities such as visual, auditory, and somatosensory processing. The sensory areas of the cerebral cortex receive input directly from the sensory organs and are crucial for interpreting and understanding external stimuli.

For instance, the occipital lobe located at the back of the cerebral cortex is primarily involved in visual processing, while the temporal lobe contributes to auditory perception. Additionally, the parietal lobe plays a key role in processing tactile sensations. This specialized functionality makes the cerebral cortex the central hub for sensory information integration and processing within the brain.

In contrast, the other options do not serve the primary purpose of sensory information processing. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation and spatial navigation, the amygdala is primarily associated with emotional responses and processing of emotions, and the basal ganglia are involved in the coordination of movement and certain cognitive functions. Thus, while they all play important roles in various aspects of brain function, none are primarily focused on sensory information processing as the cerebral cortex is.