Which term describes prejudice and discrimination on the basis of an individual's sex?

The correct term that describes prejudice and discrimination based on an individual's sex is sexism. This concept encompasses various attitudes, beliefs, and actions that favor one sex over another, often leading to unequal treatment and negative stereotypes. Sexism can manifest in many areas of life, including the workplace, education, and social interactions, and it affects both women and men in different ways, with women often being the primary targets of such prejudice.

In contrast, ageism refers to discrimination based on a person's age, commonly affecting older individuals; classism involves prejudice based on social class and socioeconomic status; and homophobia is discrimination against individuals based on their sexual orientation. Each of these terms addresses different forms of prejudice and discrimination, highlighting the unique challenges faced by various groups within society.