Which term refers to memories that are retrievable based on the depth of processing?

The term that refers to memories retrievable based on the depth of processing is "Levels of processing." This concept, introduced by Craik and Lockhart in 1972, posits that the depth at which information is processed impacts how well it can be retrieved later. When information is processed at a deeper level—such as through semantic analysis, where meaning is evaluated—it is likely to be remembered more effectively compared to shallow processing, such as focusing on the superficial characteristics of the information.

In this framework, deeper processing results in stronger memory traces, making the information more retrievable. The other terms listed pertain to different aspects of memory. For instance, declarative memory refers to the type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of facts and events, while explicit memory refers to memories that require conscious thought. Working memory, on the other hand, involves the temporary holding and manipulation of information but does not encompass the idea of depth of processing in retrieval. Thus, "Levels of processing" is the most accurate term to describe the relationship between retrieval and the depth of processing.