Which theory describes the process by which individuals acquire behaviors by observing role models?

Social learning theory is the correct response because it emphasizes that individuals can learn new behaviors and acquire information by observing others, particularly role models. This theory was notably developed by Albert Bandura, who illustrated how modeling plays a pivotal role in the learning process. Through mechanisms such as imitation and observation, individuals not only learn actions but also develop values and beliefs associated with those behaviors.

The theory outlines how factors like attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation influence learning by observation. For instance, when a person sees a role model receiving praise for a certain behavior, they are more likely to imitate that behavior.

The other options do not focus on this observational learning aspect. Cognitive theory primarily addresses internal mental processes and how they influence behavior, without emphasizing observational learning. Behaviorism strictly focuses on observable behaviors and the conditioning processes that result in learning, while humanistic theory champions individual experience and self-actualization but does not specifically involve the acquisition of behaviors through observation.